颜料和染料
Pigment and dye
颜料特性：颜料是不能溶于普通溶剂的着色剂，故要获得理想的着色性能，需要用机械加温混练等方法将颜料均匀分散于塑料中。
Pigment Characteristics: Pigments are colorants that can not be dissolved in ordinary solvents, so in order to obtain an ideal coloring performance, it is necessary to use mechanical heating and mixing methods to evenly disperse pigments in plastics.
颜料分类：按结构颜料可分为有机颜料和无机颜料。
Classification of pigments: according to structural pigments, it can be divided into organic pigments and inorganic pigments.
无机颜料：
Inorganic pigments:
优点：热稳定性好、有非常好的耐候性能、光稳定性优良、价格低、分散性能优越。例如：钛白粉、碳黑等。
Advantages: good thermal stability, very good weather resistance, good light stability, low price, superior dispersibility. For example: titanium dioxide, carbon black and so on.
钛白粉系列：主要有钛白粉、氧化锌、锌钡白三种。钛白粉分金红石型和锐钛型两种结构，金红石型钛白粉折射率高、遮盖力高、稳定、耐候性好。钛白粉在原厂出厂时如果没有进行分散加工，在配色过程中就会产生大量的黑点，属于分散没有打开状态，所以需要用分散剂进行分散加工才可以使用，部分厂家的牌号在经过加工后进入市场，这样的材料可以直接使用。主要用于遮盖树脂的透过率及增加白度的作用。
Titanium dioxide series: mainly titanium dioxide, Zinc Oxide, lithopone three. Titanium dioxide can be divided into rutile type and anatase type. Rutile type titanium dioxide has high refractive index, high covering power, stability and good weather resistance. If titanium dioxide is not dispersed in the original factory, there will be a large number of black spots in the process of color matching, which belongs to the state of dispersing without opening, so dispersing agent is needed for dispersing processing before it can be used. Some manufacturers enter the market after processing, such materials can be used directly. It is mainly used to cover the transmittance and the whiteness of resin.
炭黑：是常用黑色颜料，价格便宜，另外还具有对塑料的紫外线保护（抗老化）作用和导电作用，不同生产工艺可以得到粒径范围极广的各种不同炭黑，性质差别也很大。炭黑按用途分有色素炭黑和橡胶补强用炭黑，色素炭黑按其着色能力又分为高色素炭黑、中色素炭黑和低色素炭黑。炭黑粒子易发生聚集，要提高炭黑的着色力，要解决炭黑的分散性就需要添加分散剂进行加工后才可以使用。
Carbon black: is a commonly used black pigment, cheap, in addition to the ultraviolet protection of plastic (anti-aging) and conductive effect, different production processes can be obtained from a wide range of different particle sizes of carbon black, properties are also very different. Carbon black is divided into pigment carbon black and rubber reinforcing carbon black according to its use, and pigment carbon black is divided into high pigment carbon black, medium pigment carbon black and low pigment carbon black according to its coloring ability. Carbon black particles are apt to aggregate. In order to improve the coloring power of carbon black, it is necessary to add dispersant to solve the dispersion of carbon black.
缺点：着色力相对差，相对密度大、添加量较大、颜色不鲜艳；
Disadvantages: relatively poor coloring power, relatively large density, large amount of addition, and not bright colors.
主要用于：用于增加颜色浓度（根据颜色的需要一般来说各种树脂均可），尤其是在工程塑料方面有良好的优越性能，例如：PA、PC、PBT、POM、PPO、PPS等材料及非透明颜色、灰色等树脂当中。
Mainly used for: to increase the color concentration (according to the needs of color generally all kinds of resins), especially in engineering plastics have good superior performance, such as: PA, PC, PBT, POM, PPO, PPS and other materials, non-transparent color, gray resin.
有机颜料：
Organic pigments:
优点：着色力较高、色泽鲜艳、色谱齐全、相对密度小、添加量小。
Advantages: high coloring power, bright color, complete chromatogram, small relative density and small addition amount.
缺点：耐热性、耐候性和遮盖力方面不如无机颜料，分散效果差，透明性相对于染料较差，且价格较高。
Disadvantages: Inorganic pigments are inferior in heat resistance, weatherability and covering power, poor dispersion, poor transparency relative to dyes, and higher prices.
主要用于：POM、PE、PP、TPU、TPE等结晶材料和部分鲜艳的（染料艳度不能达到的鲜艳色彩产品）产品中。
Mainly used in: POM, PE, PP, TPU, TPE and other crystalline materials and some bright (dye brilliance can not reach bright color products) products.
染料：
Dyestuff:
优点：染料是可用于大多数溶剂和被染色塑料的有机化合物、优点为密度小、着色力高、透明度好。
Advantages: Dyes are organic compounds that can be used in most solvents and dyed plastics. They have the advantages of low density, high coloring power and good transparency.
缺点：但其一般分子结构小，着色时易发生迁移（结晶材料）价格较无机贵，部分价格和有机颜料价格接近。
Disadvantages: but its general molecular structure is small, easy to migrate when coloring (crystalline materials) more expensive than inorganic, part of the price and organic pigment prices close.
珠光颜料：又叫云母钛珠光颜料，是一种二氧化钛涂覆的云母晶片。根据色相不同，可分为银白类珠光颜料、彩虹类珠光颜料、彩色类珠光颜料三类。
Pearlescent pigment: also called mica titanium pearlescent pigment, is a titanium dioxide coated mica wafer. According to the color, it can be divided into three categories: silver and white pearlescent pigments, rainbow pearlescent pigments and color pearlescent pigments.